#一、创建SSH key

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$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"
# Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label
# Generating public/private rsa key pair.
# Enter file in which to save the key (/home/you/.ssh/id_rsa):

然后系统提示输入文件保存位置等信息,按提示填写回车

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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
# Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

Your identification has been saved in /home/you/.ssh/id_rsa.
# Your public key has been saved in /home/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
# The key fingerprint is:
# 01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your_email@example.com

# start the ssh-agent in the background
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
# Agent pid 59566
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

生成的SSH key文件保存在中～/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
文本编辑工具打开该文件：

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$ gedit ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

接着拷贝.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件内的所有内容，将它粘帖到github帐号管理中的添加SSH key界面中。

#二、打开github帐号管理中的添加SSH key，步骤如下

  1. 登录github

  2. 点击右上方的Accounting settings图标

  3. 选择 SSH key

  4. 点击 Add SSH key

在出现的界面中填写SSH key的名称，填一个你自己喜欢的名称即可，然后将上面拷贝的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件内容粘帖到key一栏，在点击“add key”按钮就可以了。

添加过程github会提示你输入一次你的github密码

添加完成后再次执行git clone就可以成功克隆github上的代码库了。

参考来源：
https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys/#platform-linux
http://blog.csdn.net/keyboardota/article/details/7603630